Acetyl- L-Tyrosine occurs naturally in the body. This amino acid plays a pivotal role in assisting the body in developing chemicals such as dopamine. Without this, the body can have adverse effects culminating in a sense of sadness, depression, anxiety and an inability to concentrate. Most over the counter supplements that are intended to help boost the body’s naturally occurring processes also include sorbitol, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, modified cellulose gum and colloidal silicon dioxide. This supplement is ideal for vegetarian and vegan users as it contains no animal products. There may be adverse interactions with MAO inhibitor drugs and this should not be used if pregnant or nursing.

Butylene Glycol

C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate is a common ingredient in personal care products. It is a very effective skin conditioning agent. C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate, which is the ester of benzoic acid and C12-15 Alcohols (q.v.), is also capable of preventing the growth of microorganisms that cause different diseases. It can be used as a facial moisturizer and also for sunscreen protection. Being an excellent moisturizer, C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate helps in nourishing skin and giving it a new radiant glow. Its application keeps the skin soft and healthy. It also is an effective anti-agent agent. C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate is also used in antiperspirants and deodorants.

Caprylic/capric Triglyceride is a highly refined medium chain triglyceride or MCT. It is a combination of caprilic and capric acids, forming a triester. It’s compound enables it to withstand oxidation, giving it an almost indefinite shelf life. Capric Acid commonly extracted in coconut oil. Caprylic/capric triglyceride is commonly found in vitamins because it is effective as a dispersing agent, also it is often used in soap making and other skin care products. Caprylic/capric triglyceride is quickly absorbed by the skin. It is often used as an emollient and lotion. Caprylic acid is known to have anti-bacterial properties while capric acid has anti-fungal properties. Aside from the mentioned benefits from caprilic/capric triglyceride, it also aids in weight loss and lowering cholesterol level because Caprylic/capric Triglyceride fatty acids are rapidly absorbed and burned by the body to be used as energy.

Carbomer is a generic name given to the synthetic polymers of acrylic acid. Chemically they are homopolymers of acrylic acid which are crosslink with an allyl ether pentaerythritol. Allyl ether may be extracted from sucrose or propylene sources. . Acrylic acid polymers should be handled with care as they are irritating and corrosive to the skin and the respiratory tract. Eye contact may result in severe and irreversible injury. Carbomers are used widely in the manufacture of medicine, thickening agents and as emulsion stabilizers. They are also used in cosmetic industry as stabilizers in manufacture of many skin care products.

Cetyl Alcohol is a fatty alcohol with a waxy texture. It was originally derived from sperm whale oil, thus, the name “Cetyl”. It is also known as 1-hexadecanol and palmityl alcohol. It is often used in shampoos, creams, lotions and other beauty products. Cetyl alcohol is used as emulsifier, lubricant, emollient or skin softener and thickening agents. Its waxy texture is ideal for use of conditioner and shampoos to cover the hair with waxy and lustrous texture. It is also commonly used in lotions because it allows the products to spread onto the skin. Cetyl alcohol can be found from the end-products of petroleum, or from vegetable oils.

Diazolidinyl Urea is a compound that acts as a preservative by release of formaldehydes. It is produced by reaction of allantoin with formaldehyde in the presence of sodium hydroxide solution. Its chemical formula is C8H14N4O7 and Mol. Mass is 278.22 g/mol. Diazolidinyl urea is an antimicrobial preservative. It is used in wide range of cosmetic and skin care products as a preservative. Diazolidinyl urea is also used in the manufacture of shampoo, conditioner, baby wipes and household detergents. Some people can have contact allergy with Diazolidinyl urea causing dermatitis. Generally the people who have allergy to imidazolidinyl urea also have allergy to Diazolidinyl urea.

Dimethicone belongs to a group of compounds which are commonly referred to as silicones. It is also known as Polydimethylsiloxane. Its chemical formula is (C2H6OSi) n and density is 965 kg m-3 .Dimethicone is used as a component in silicone grease. Its number as a food additive is E900. It is used as an anti-foaming agent and an anti-caking agent in many food products. It is believed that dimethicone can be used in the treatment of head lice. It is also present as an active ingredient in most of the cosmetic products for skin protection. Dimethicone is used in analytical chemistry as a component of some types of SPME fibers.

Glycerine is a viscous and colorless liquid used in various pharmaceutical formulations. It is a chemical compound having three hydrophilic hydroxyl groups that are responsible for the solubility of Glycerine in water. Also known as glycerol, its supplements are extremely beneficial in enhancement of energy. It not only helps to build endurance but also triggers weight loss. Glycerine can burn and reduce the extra fat which gets accumulated in human body. You can find Glycerine supplements anywhere in the market. If you consume it with water, it can enhance the hydration process inside the cells, due to which tissues remain hydrated even when you are working out. Your body weight will determine the amount of glycerol you can take. For instance, if you are 125 lbs, you can take 25 to 30 ml per day.

Glycerol Stearate is a fatty compound made up of the esters of fatty acids and glycerol. It is also sometimes knows as GMS or Glyceryl monostearate. It is often used as emulsifier, emulsion stabilizer, viscosity builder and emollient in lotions. It is an important component in soap making. In a wide range of cosmetics, it is used for opacifying and pearlizing agents. It is also non-toxic and does not cause irritation on the skin and eyes. Because it is easily dispersible in water and is soluble in oil and in alcohol, it is ideal for use in cosmetics and perfumes. It has moisturizing property. It is commonly used for the treatment of Eczema.

Isopropyl Palmitate is obtained from Isopropyl alcohol, which is a synthetic alcohol, and a fatty palm oil acid, called Palmatic fatty acid. It is an odorless and a colorless liquid. It is found safe as a cosmetic component by the CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Reviews) Expert Panel. It is used in cosmetic field as an emollient and a thickening agent. It is generally used in moisturizers because it forms a thin layer, and is easily absorbed by the skin. It is derived from palmitic acid in coconut oil. It is believed that it also enhances the softness of skin and hair.

L-Alanine- As one of the twenty alpha amino acids that are proteinogenic, which means that these amino acids are building blocks of proteins, L-Alanine is the second most abundant amino acid, with leucine being the first. This nonpolar amino acid can be produced by the body by means of reductive amination of pyruvate and some branched chain amino acids, like isoleucine, leucine and valine. Liver and tissues depend on alanine, which plays a prominent role in the glucose alanine cycle. Alanine is also involved in the removal of nitrogen from tissues to the liver, but alanine also assists in the blood sugar tapping of the body for energy requirements. Despite being a non-essential amino acid, alanine is found in meat, dairy products, fish, poultry, eggs, some beans, nuts and seeds, brown rice bran, corn and whole grains, among other sources.

L-Arginine Monohydrochloride is a combination of essential amino acid, L-Arginine, and Hydrochloride. It is commonly used for treating and preventing hypertension. It helps synthesize Nitric Oxide in the body that causes the arteries to expand and contract with each heartbeat. It also promotes the production of growth hormones, which is also important in muscle building. It also maintains the acidity of the system that results in enhanced endurance. This helps in alleviating hypertension. It helps in maintaining the blood pressure. It also helps in healing and repairing damaged bones and tissues. Muscle tissue is sometimes damaged after a heavy workout, this particularly benefits athletes who are involves with strenuous exercises.

L-Aspartic Acid is an amino acid which is extremely essential to the body. It has a variety of beneficiary properties, in that it acts as a detoxifier by combining with other acids to remove toxins from the blood stream, and helps in building immune system antibodies and converts carbohydrates into muscular energy. People with lowered levels of L-Aspartic Acids may find themselves susceptible to fatigue and tiredness. People tend to feel that they have no energy to continue with a particular activity, and replenishing the body’s levels of L-Aspartic acid may be just the thing to get back to normal. Natural sources rich in L-Aspartic Acid are animal protein, avocado, asparagus and oats. Dietary supplements can also make available, the required amounts of L-Aspartic Acid.

L-Glutamine- Glutamine is an amino acid which is responsible for a multitude of biochemical functions in humans. L-Glutamine is generally found in dietary sources such as chicken, beef, eggs, milk and dairy products, fish, spinach, wheat, parsley, cabbages, beans and beets. Glutamine is apparently the most common amino acid occurring naturally, furthermore this non essential amino acid is one of just a few, which are able to directly cross the blood brain barrier. In the human body, L-Glutamine is found in the skeletal muscles, but also in the blood. Besides the vital biological functions, such as fuel for brain, blocking cortisol induced protein catabolism, immune function assistance, protein synthesis and in DNA synthesis, L-Glutamine is used as a supplement for ailing and injured, improving recovery, but also as muscle growth agent in body building and athletic circles.

L-Glycine- Glycine is an organic compound and one of the 20 amino acids deemed as building blocks for proteins. This proteinogenic amino acid is not only the smallest but also the only amino acid of the group that is not chiral, which means there is no enantiomer of glycine. With the prominent exception of collagen, which thirty five percent are glycine, most proteins contain only small amounts of it. As a solid, glycine is sweet tasting, crystalline and has no color. Despite being non-essential, because it can be biosynthesized from the amino acid serine, glycine has several important physiological functions, besides being a precursor to proteins. It is a biosynthetic intermediate of purines and the D-Aminolevulinic acid and it is an inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the central nervous system.

L-Histidine Monohydrochloride Monohydrate is a water soluble amino acid that is needed for the production of histamine, maintenance of a healthy heart and circulatory system, and improvement of the immune system against infections. However, the body cannot produce L-Histidine Monohydrochloride Monohydrate by itself. It can be found in meat, dairy products and fish in small amount, taking dietary supplement could prove to be beneficial. It helps produce enzymes that aid the digestive tract to maximize the release of nutrients and mineral from our food. It also helps in ensuring that the balance of minerals in the blood is of the right level. It also promotes energy and fights inflammation.

L-Isoleucine is one of the nine essential amino acids that is not produced in the body. It can be obtained from animal sources like liver, fish, eggs, chicken, meat and vegetable sources like rye, cashew nuts, almonds, lentils, chickpeas and soy proteins. The metabolism of L-Isoleucine takes place in muscle tissue. It is needed for the formation of hemoglobin and stabilizes and regulates blood sugar and energy levels. It is also known to increase endurance levels and helps in the recovery of muscles after exercise. It strengthens the immune system’s ability to fight off infections and increases the level of growth hormones and insulin to maintain the body’s balance. A deficiency leads to a number of physical and mental disorders with symptoms similar to hypoglycemia.

L-Leucine- Leucine is a hydrophobic essential alpha amino acid, which as an additive under the name L-Leucine has an E number E641, which classifies this amino acid as a flavor enhancer. The natural source of leucine includes whole wheat products, several species of nuts and brown rice. L-Leucine is one of the most abundant amino acids found in skeletal muscle tissues. L-Leucine became in recent times a very popular dietary supplement, particularly with the body building communities, because of the evidence that it slows down the degradation of muscle tissue in rats by elevating the production of muscle proteins. There are additional claims in circulation, which state that L-Leucine also controls the nitrogen balance and aids to the mental and cognitive abilities during high power workouts.

L-Lysine Monohydrochloride is formed by binding lysine to hydrochloric acid. Lysine is an essential amino aside that is required by the body to manufacture proteins. It is important for proper growth and plays an important part in the production of carnitine in the body. L-Lysine Monohydrochloride helps in converting fat into energy, enhances immune system, improves metabolism and promotes the secretion of various hormones such as growth hormone. L-Lysine Monohydrochloride promotes the growth of lean muscle tissues and weight loss because of the secretion of growth hormones. It also helps in controlling the acidity in the muscles, thus, improving the endurance.

L-Methionine- Methionine is a nonpolar essential alpha amino acid containing sulfur; one of only two proteinogenic amino acids besides cysteine. Methionine is vital to several biosynthesis processes of phospholipids as an intermediate, the prominent list includes taurine, lecithin, carnitine, phosphatidylcholine and cysteine, just to name a few. This water soluble antioxidant assists in the lipid breakdown and works against free radicals. Just like many such amino acids, it can be obtained through ingestion of dietary proteins, such as meat, eggs, cheese, fish and poultry, but some levels are also available from spinach, sesame seeds and Brazil nuts. It has been found that an inadequate conversion of methionine may cause atherosclerosis. This glycogenic amino acid is also part of other biochemical reactions, like the creation of S-adenosylmethionine, which in turn is a part of the synthesis of epinephrine, melatonin and creatine, among others.

L-Phenylalanine- The human body needs L-Phenylalanine for survival as it is an essential amino acid. It is found in food items that are rich in protein such as eggs, meat, dairy products, beans and fish. Since the body cannot produce L-Phenylalanine from other chemicals, you need to increase the intake of protein for fulfilling the nutritional needs. L-Phenylalanine is one of the chemical forms of Phenylalanine, an amino acid. It helps in building up of several proteins produced by human body. L-Phenylalanine supplements act as an appetite suppressant as it initiates the release of cholecystokinin, an intestinal hormone. Once this hormone enters the stomach, it signals your brain that you are not hungry anymore. According to experts, you should not take more than 500-1000 mg of L-Phenylalanine per day.

L-Proline is a proteinogenic alpha amino acid, one of only twenty amino acids that are DNA encoded for the forming of protein. It is not deemed essential because humans are able to synthesize it from the amino acid L-Glutamate. This unique member of the twenty protein building block amino acids is the only one of the group that is distinct as belonging to the secondary alpha amino group. L-Proline plays a role in the synthesis of collagen. Collagen is undeniably the most common protein in mammals, being found in skin, tendons, joints, ligaments, vasculature and bones. It is deemed good for the health of joints, when taken as a supplement. Low protein diets, vegetarian and vegan diets as well as malnutrition lead to diminished L-Proline levels.

L-Serine- Serine is an organic compound and a proteinogenic amino acid that is considered a building block for the creation of proteins. This member of the hydroxyl group and a polar amino acid is not essential and therefore it is not necessary to ingest it by means of diet. L-Serine can be synthesized from metabolites such as glycine. L-Serine plays a role in the biosynthesis of pyrimidines and purines, furthermore it is a precursor to many metabolites like sphingolipids and to amino acids like cysteine and glycine. It is also involved in catalytic functions of several enzymes. L-Serine can be transformed into D-Serine by the serine racemase, which functions as a neuronal signal and NMDA receptor activator in the brain, a vital glutamate receptor responsible for memory functions and synaptic plasticity.

L-Threonine is an essential alpha amino acid, classified as polar. There are three proteinogenic amino acids that have an alcohol group, besides threonine there are tyrosine and serine. Like many other amino acids that are not synthesized in humans, threonine needs to be ingested through protein food sources that contain it, namely meat, poultry, cottage cheese, fish, sesame seeds and others. When ingested, threonine goes either through the threonine dehydrogenase and becomes pyruvate or, as in humans, it can be converted by the enzyme serine dehydratase to alpha ketobutyrate and continue towards succinyl-CoA. Threonine is also supposed to assist the protein balance by maintaining normal growth, but in addition to that, it seems to support the immune system, the central nervous system, the liver and the cardiovascular system.

L-Tyrosine is an amino acid taken to enhance the functions of the thyroid gland. It provides essential supplements to the body for fighting serious ailments. L-Tyrosine is a natural cure mainly for hypothyroidism and many other illnesses including protection of skin from the UV rays and depression. People suffering from hypothyroidism lack tyrosine and therefore do not respond to iodine supplements. Iodine supplements are of no use without tyrosine. Using L-tyrosine replaces vital amino acids which people having hypothyroidism lack. It produces thyroid hormones namely, norepinephrine, dopamine and epinephrine. L-tyrosine must be used by those who have a family history of under active thyroids and by those who have not got benefits from dieting efforts. L-tyrosine is taken in doses of 500mg 2 to 3 times everyday. People having high blood pressure must be cautious while taking this supplement.

L-Valine is an amino acid in combination with L-Leucine and L-Isoleucine. These amino acids maintain everyday life and offer maximum support. L-Valine is acquired from vegetable and animal protein. L-Valine regulates the immune system and is involved in the protein synthesis and glucose metabolism. L-Valine is effective in muscle growth as well as tissue repair. L-Valine is a part of the muscle metabolism and is also effective in the nitrogen balance in the body. L-Valine is found in the muscles in high concentration, but this cannot be done on its own in the body and has to be acquired through dietary or food supplements. L-Valine has stimulating effect and maintains the nitrogen in the body. It is effective for repair as well as growth of tissues and for muscle metabolism. Adhering to the label directions is highly recommended. This is normally safe and has no side effect until now. However, for the dietary supplement consulting the physician before use is the best.

Polysorbate 60 is derived from stearic acid from plants. It is commonly used as emulsifier, stabilizer and spreading agent in cosmetic, medicine, and food products. It has the capacity to make the ingredients become soluble. It acts as a surfactant that is created by the reaction of sorbitol with ethylene oxide and the fatty acids obtained from vegetable fats oils. It helps increase the product’s effectiveness. It is used in lotions, skin cleansing products, makeup bases, foundation, and other skin care products to make the essential oils become soluble in water-based products. It is also used in hair products because it helps prevent hair loss.

Propylparaben is derived from para-aminobenzoic acid that belongs in the paraben family. It occurs naturally in plants and insects. It is commonly used in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetics. It functions as a preservative for most water-based cosmetics, lotions, shampoos, creams, moisturizers, sunscreens, mascara, foundation, eye shadows, lipsticks, and other bath products. It contains antifungal and antimicrobial properties because of its benzoic acid content. It is the chosen preservatives particularly with cosmetics. Use of Propylparaben is safe; however, problem sometimes arises when multiple types of parabens are used. There is also a recommended amount with regards to how much Propylparaben can be used in a product.

Stearic Acid is a saturated fatty acid that occurs in many animal and vegetable fats and oils. Stearic acid is useful as an ingredient in making candles, soaps, plastics, oil pastels and cosmetics, and for softening rubber. Stearic acid is used to harden soaps, particularly those made with vegetable oil. Even though stearic acid is a saturated fat, studies have suggested that it has little effect on blood cholesterol levels, because such a high proportion is converted to oleic acid.